battery capacity
Battery capacity is one of the important performance indicators to measure battery performance. It indicates the amount of electricity released by the battery under certain conditions (discharge rate, temperature, end voltage, etc.)
The battery capacity is divided into actual capacity, theoretical capacity and rated capacity according to different conditions.
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Nominal voltage is a technical term in physics, which refers to the voltage value corresponding to the nominal operating current of the voltage stabilizing thermistor at +25°C. At present, the nominal voltage of the most commonly used voltage stabilizing thermistor is 2 volts, and others are 3 volts, 4 volts, 5 volts, 6 volts, etc. The nominal voltage is also an appropriate voltage approximation to indicate or identify a battery, also known as the rated voltage, which can be used to identify the battery type.
The battery nominal voltage is an appropriate voltage approximation to indicate or identify a battery, also known as the rated voltage, which can be used to identify the battery type. For example, the open circuit voltage of a lead-acid battery is close to 2.1V, and the nominal voltage is 2.0V. The nominal voltage of zinc-manganese dry batteries is 1.5V, the nominal voltage of cadmium-nickel batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries is 1.2V, and the nominal voltage of lithium-ion batteries is 3.7V.
In fact, the nominal voltage does not refer to the battery voltage, the actual voltage of the battery changes according to the actual capacity of the battery. In the market, the nominal voltage of the same battery may appear in different scenarios or in different regions, but the battery does not actually change.
battery internal resistance
The internal resistance of the battery refers to the resistance that the current flows through the battery when the battery is working. It includes the ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance, and the polarization internal resistance includes the electrochemical polarization internal resistance and the concentration polarization internal resistance. resistance.
For lithium-ion batteries, the internal resistance of the battery is divided into ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance. Ohmic internal resistance is composed of electrode material, electrolyte, diaphragm resistance and contact resistance of various parts. Polarization internal resistance refers to the resistance caused by polarization during electrochemical reaction, including the resistance caused by electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization.
The actual internal resistance of a lithium-ion battery refers to the resistance encountered by the current flowing through the interior of the battery when the battery is working. The internal resistance of the battery is large, and (during the normal use of the battery) there will be a large amount of Joule heat (according to the formula: E=I^2RT), which will cause the temperature of the battery to rise, resulting in a decrease in the battery discharge operating voltage and a shortened discharge time, which will affect the performance and life of the battery. etc. have a serious impact.
The precise calculation of the internal resistance of the battery is quite complicated, and it will continue to change during the battery's use. According to relevant experience, the larger the volume of lithium-ion batteries, the smaller the internal resistance; and vice versa.
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